The Indian
honour system is primarily recognised by Indian Central
Government. The most recognised are Padma awards which are Padma Shri, Padma Bhushan, Padma Vibhushan and Bharat Ratna with
increasing order of merit. They are awarded every year. However, the most
coveted and highest civilian award Bharat Ratna may
not necessarily be awarded every year. The Padma awards are civilian awards for
a broad set of achievements in fields such as Education, Arts, Civil Service,
or Social Service. Awards were also bestowed posthumously and they are also
given for foreign citizens.
Padma awards
Bharat Ratna — ‘Bharat Ratna’, the highest civilian Award of the country, was
instituted in the year 1954. Any person without distinction of race,
occupation, position or sex is eligible for these awards. It is awarded in
recognition of exceptional service/performance of the highest order in any
field of human endeavour. The recommendations for Bharat Ratna are made by the
Prime Minister himself to the President. No formal recommendations for this are
necessary. The number of annual awards is restricted to a maximum of three in a
particular year. On conferment of the award, the recipient receives a Sanad
(certificate) signed by the President and a medallion. The Award does not carry
any monetary grant.
• Padma Awards were instituted in the year 1954.
Except for brief interruption(s) during the years 1978 and 1979 and 1993 to
1997, these awards have been announced every year on Republic Day.
• The award is given in three categories,
namely, Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri.
• Padma Shri is awarded for ‘distinguished
service’; Padma Bhushan for ‘distinguished service of a high order’; and Padma
Vibhushan for ‘exceptional and distinguished service.
• The award seeks to recognise work of any
distinction and is given for distinguished and exceptional achievements/service
in all fields of activities/disciplines, such as Art, Literature and Education,
Sports, Medicine, Social Work, Science and Engineering, Public Affairs, Civil
Service, Trade and Industry etc.
• All persons without distinction of race,
occupation, position or sex are eligible for these awards.
• The award is normally not conferred
posthumously. However, in highly deserving cases, the Government could consider
giving an award posthumously if the demise of the person proposed to be
honoured has been recent, say within a period of one year preceding the
Republic Day on which it is proposed to announce the award.
• A higher category of Padma award can be
conferred on a person only where a period of at least five years has elapsed
since conferment of the earlier Padma award. However, in highly deserving
cases, a relaxation can be made by the Awards Committee.
• It is the usual practice is to invite
recommendations every year from all State/UT Governments,
Ministries/Departments of the Government of India, Bharat Ratna and Padma Vibhushan
awardees and Institutes of Excellence by 1 October. Recommendations received
from them and also from other sources like Ministers, Chief Ministers/Governors
of State, Members of Parliament, as also private individuals, bodies etc., are
placed before the Padma Awards Committee. The Awards Committee is constituted
by the Prime Minister every year.
• The recommendations made by the Awards
Committee are submitted to the Prime Minister and the President for their
approval. No award is conferred except on the recommendation of the Awards
Committee.
• The total number of awards to be given in a
year (excluding posthumous awards and to foreigners) should not be more than
120.
• The names of the award winners are published
in the Gazette of India. The President may cancel and annul the award of the
decoration to any person.
• The Awards are announced on 26 January every
year and are presented by the President of India in an Awards presentation
Ceremony held at Rashtrapati Bhavan. The ceremony is generally held in the
month of March/April.
• The decoration comprises a Sanad (Certificate)
issued under the hand and seal of the President and a Medallion. A
commemorative brochure giving out brief details in respect of each award winner
is also released on the day of the investiture ceremony.
• The recipients are also given a replica of the
medallion, which they can wear during any ceremonial/State functions etc., if
they so desire.
• The award does not amount to a title and
cannot be used as a suffix or prefix to the award winner’s name on letterheads,
invitation cards, posters, books etc. In the case of any misuse, the defaulter
will forfeit the award.
• No cash allowance or any facility/benefit in
terms of concession etc. in rail/air travel is attached to these awards.
·
Padma Vibhushan — Second degree honour.
·
Padma Bhushan — Third degree honour.
·
Padma Shri — Fourth degree honour.
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